Utilizing residues and closing the loop
The programme area bundles research activities on biogas as well as on carbonized biomass such as biochar and humic substances. Residual biomass that might otherwise not be used can thus be used to produce energy sources as well as to improve the soil. Our aim is to further develop and specify the processes of both biological and thermo-chemical conversion of biomass. Both areas constitute an integral part of the circular bioeconomy.
Residuals can originate from animal husbandry systems (program area "Individualized Animal Husbandry"), food production systems (PB "Diversified Crop Production" and "Healthy Foods") as well as from biomaterial production lines (PB "Multifunctional Biomaterials") and also include waste and wastewater from municipalities. One research task is to deal with residual materials of suboptimal, heterogeneous and fluctuating composition and to minimize risks such as the spread of pathogens and pollutants by means of the processes.
Biological and thermo-chemical conversion processes for biogas, hydrochar, humic substances, as well as lactic or succinic acid (program area 'Multifunctional Biomaterials') take place in more or less closed systems. In order to obtain more information about these conversion processes, we are creating models of the processes based on spectral analyses as a prerequisite for future work on digital twins.
In addition to basic research in our specialized, well-equipped laboratories (biogas laboratory, biochar laboratory), we transfer our research approaches to practice. The complexity of the interactions between char-based products, soils, plants and microorganisms requires close, inter- and multidisciplinary cooperation. As a reallab, the Leibniz Innovation Farm offers an ideal platform for this.
Biogas
It is challenging to work efficiently with inhomogeneous feedstocks and feedstocks from different sources that are difficult to ferment. Our focus is on liquid manure, lignocellulosic biomass from landscape management, paludiculture and stalk material. Our objective is to further develop the biogas process in such a way that, despite temporal, qualitative and quantitative variations in the feedstock, the fermentation process is stable with low breakdown susceptibility. In the future, biogas plants should operate in a knowledge-based, information-driven and largely automated manner. To achieve this goal, we are modeling the biogas process as a digital twin.
Improved understanding of the highly sensitive fermentation process, in particular the development of microorganisms, provides the basis needed for this. Microorganisms form microbiomes in the fermenter, complex microbial communities that differ depending on the feedstock, pH, temperature and the timing of the fermentation process. We identify the microorganisms involved in the process at the species level (taxonomic diversity) and determine their metabolic potential (functional diversity).
The broad spectrum of these tasks requires multidisciplinary research from the fields of microbiology and molecular ecology, data science, agricultural and environmental sciences, among others.
Biochars and humic substances
Our research on thermo-chemical conversion of biomass is focused on pyrolysis (for dry feedstock) and hydrothermal carbonisation (moist material). Thermo-chemical treatment can carbonise both lignified and non-lignified biomasses into biochar, protecting them from rapid microbial degradation. The carbon stored in these materials is sequestered. If the process of hydrothermal carbonisation takes place at low pH, the end product is a solid biochar. At higher pH values, humic substances are formed. Both processes, pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment, have the potential to process raw and residual materials and they can be integrated into agricultural production systems.
With our research in the biochar lab, we are investigating how chars from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be used, for example, for carbon sequestration and soil melioration. In order to be able to design the processes efficiently for specific applications in agriculture and environmental protection, it is important to understand the kinetics of thermo-chemical conversion. Against this background, we are investigating the influence of operating and material parameters on process and product. Another research focus is on the effects of pyrochar, hydrochar and humic substances on plant growth and microbial life in the soil. In addition, we are investigating the influence of the use of chars/humic substances on the water storage capacity of the soil, carbon sequestration and emissions.
To the team of the programme area
Research projects
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The aim of the project is to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions (N-emissions) in field vegetable production, mainly from crop residues with a high nitrogen (N) content. Removal of residues from the fi…
Start:
End:
01.04.2024
31.03.2027
Funding authority:
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
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The junior research group Bio4Act pursues the vision of producing high-quality activated carbons, platform chemicals and energy sources from previously unused residual biomass from landscape conservation. This should not…
Start:
End:
01.08.2023
31.07.2027
Funding authority:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
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The overall objective of the project is the identification and verification of microbial system condition indicators and the development of process models based on them for trouble-free and demand-oriented process contro…
Start:
End:
01.03.2023
28.02.2026
Funding authority:
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) / Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR)
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The goal of the project is the value-added processing of biomass by novel and advanced technologies to better exploit the environmental and economic potential of biogenic resources. A specific aim is to increase the effi…
Start:
End:
01.01.2023
31.12.2025
Funding authority:
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
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The aim of the joint project bio4value is to develop new types of gas separation membranes and membrane modules for more efficient biogas processing. The aim is to achieve a high quality of the separated material flows a…
Start:
End:
01.07.2022
30.06.2025
Funding authority:
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL)
More projects within the programme area
Publications of the programme
- Vargas Soplin, A.; Meyer-Aurich, A.; Prochnow, A.; Kreidenweis, U. (2024): Alternative uses for urban autumn tree leaves: a case study in profitability and greenhouse gas emissions for the city of Berlin. Journal of Cleaner Production. (10 September): p. 143290. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143290 1.0
- Moloeznik Paniagua, D.; Krenz, L.; Libra, J.; Korf, N.; Rotter, V. (2024): Towards a high-quality fertilizer based on algae residues treated via hydrothermal carbonization. Trends on how process parameters influence inorganics. Biochar. : p. 67. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00357-8 1.0
- Schneider, L.; Módenes, A.; Scheufele, F.; Borba, C.; Goes Trigueros, D.; Alves, H. (2024): Soybean hulls activated carbon for metronidazole adsorption: Thermochemical conditions optimization for tailored and enhanced meso/microporosity. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. (January 2024): p. 106339. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2023.106339 1.0
- Shahsharif Mohammadshafi, S.; Sadeghi, M.; Cruz, S.; Ferreira, F. (2024): Recent Progress on the Tribology of Pure/Doped Diamond-like Carbon Coatings and Ionic Liquids. Coatings. (1): p. 71. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010071 1.0
- Dang, H.; Cappai, G.; Chung, J.; Jeong, C.; Kulli, B.; Marchelli, F.; Ro, K.; Román, S. (2024): Research Needs and Pathways to Advance Hydrothermal Carbonization Technology. Agronomy. (2): p. 247. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020247 1.0
- Tkachenko, V.; Ambrosini, S.; Marzban, N.; Pandey, A.; Vogl, S.; Antonietti, M.; Filonenko, S. (2024): Fulvic acid modification with phenolic precursors towards controllable solubility performance. RSC Sustainability. : p. 1-11. Online: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SU00295K 1.0
- Vargas Neves, C.; Módenes, A.; Scheufele, F.; Pinto Rocha, R.; Ribeiro Pereira, M.; Figueiredo, J.; Borba, C. (2024): Improving the performance of activated carbon towards dibenzothiophene adsorption by functionalization and sulfur-metal interactions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. (5 April 2024): p. 133372. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.133372 1.0
- Ghaslani, M.; Rezaee, R.; Aboubakri, O.; Sarlaki, E.; Hoffmann, T.; Maleki, A.; Marzban, N. (2024): Lime-assisted hydrothermal humification and carbonization of sugar beet pulp: Unveiling the yield, quality, and phytotoxicity of products. Biofuel Research Journal. (1): p. 2025-2039. Online: https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2024.11.1.4 1.0
- Volikov, A.; Schneider, H.; Tarakina, N.; Marzban, N.; Antonietti, M.; Filonenko, S. (2024): Artificial humic substances as sustainable carriers for manganese: Development of a novel bio-based microfertilizer. Biofuel Research Journal. (1): p. 2013-2024. Online: https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2024.11.1.3 1.0
- Hajiahmadi, Z.; Moheb, A.; Mohammadi, M.; Marzban, N.; Scheufele, F. (2024): Surface and mass transfer kinetic and equilibrium modeling of Pb(II) ions adsorption on hydroxyapatite scaffold: Batch and fixed-bed column studies. Separation and Purification Technology. : p. 127141. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127141 1.0
More publications of the programme area